Sudan is the largest COUNTRY IN Africa area wise and 10th largest in the World. It covers an area of 2.505.000 sq.km ( nearly one million sq. miles), making 8.3% of Africa area and 1.7% of world lands. Length of country from south to north = 2040 km. Width of country from west to east = 1444 km

SUDAN’S LAND BOUNDARIES

Border countries

Egypt – 1260km, Libya 0380km, Chad 1335 km, Central African Republic 1155km , D.R.of Congo 0625km, Uganda 0460km, Kenya 0234km, Ethiopia 1605km, Eritrea 0605km, Coastline (Red Sea) 0858 km and distance between Sudan and Saudi Arabia =240km (width of Red Sea)

POPULATION

Source: Central Bureau of statistics –Sudan Government

SUDAN BASIC DATA

The Constitution of the Republic of theSudan:1998

The State and the Directive Principles

Nature of the State:

1.The State ofSudan is an embracing homeland, wherein races and cultures coalesce and religions conciliate. Islam is the religion of the majority of the population. Christianity and customary creeds have considerable followers.

Decentralized authority of the State:

2. The Sudan is a Federal system, drawn by the Constitution as a national centre and States, and administered at the base by local government in accordance with the law, to ensure popular participation, consultation and mobilization, and to provide justice on the distribution of power and wealth.

Language:

3.Arabic is the official language in the Republic of theSudan; and the State shall allow the development of other local and international languages.

Supremacy and sovereignty:

4. Supremacy in the State is to God the creator of human beings, and sovereignty is to the vicegerent people of theSudan who practice it as worship of God, bearing the trust, building up the country and spreading justice, freedom and public consultation. The constitution and the law shall regulate the same.

Contact the Embassy for more on the Constitution.

POLITICAL SYSTEM:

Multiparty system: The President and legislative are directly elected by the people. Elections are independently prepared, conducted and announced by the “General Elections Board”.

LEADERSHIP SYSTEM: Presidential

Head of State: H.E. Omer Hassan Ahmed AlBashir

CHIEF EXECUTIVE: The President of the Republic

The President is aided by:

Two Vice Presidents

Assitants

Advisors

Council of Ministers

Southern States Co-ordination Council

Governors of states (Walis)

LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY:

An elected National Assembly (based on the multiparty system).

THE JUDICIARY:

Article NO. 99 of the constitution provides:-

Judiciary competence in the Republic of Sudan shall vest in an independent authority to be known as the “Judiciary” to assume judiciary power in adjudication of disputes and judgements on the same in accordance with the Constitution and the Law.

GOVERNMENT SYSTEM: Federal

The Republic of Sudan is divided into 26 states. Each state has a Governor (Wali), Legislative Council, and Council of Ministers

THE FLAG OF THE REPUBLIC OF THESUDAN:

The flag of the country comprises three rectangulars of Red, white and black colours, from above to downward. The part of the flag near the mast comprises a tirangle of green colour, of a height that equals one third the total height of the flag.

The meanings of the colours of the flag are as follows:-

The red colour symbolizes the struggle and martyrs.

The white colour symbolizes peace, Islam and optimism.

The black colour symbolizes the Mahdist Revolution that founded the Modern and adopted the black flag as its symbol.

The green colour symbolizes abundance, welfare and agriculture

The Emblem of the Republic of theSudan is the Secretary Bird in a state of stillness with its wings stretched. There is a frame linking the wings in which the words “Victory is for us” are written. There is also an arched frame at the base in which the words “the Republic of theSudan “ are written. The Emblem was first adopted during the government of former President Jaffar Mohammed Nimeiri (1969—1985), replacing the previous emblem, which was the rhinoceros. The Secretary Bird is known for its might, ability to fly at great heights and powerful sight, it can run for long distances Secretary Bird is found in the Sudan in the areas of Kordofan and Darfur as well as the blue nile area and the dry areas of the southern part of the country.The emblem symbolizes might, sacrifice and dignity, characteristics that represent the Sudanese people.

TOPOGRAPHY

Sudan topography is generally a broad plain, with mountains in the northeast near the Red Sea coast, and mountains near the southeastern borders. The Nile is the dominant geographical feature ofSudan as around 70% of the area of the country is situated with the Nile River catchment. The Blue Nile and the While Nile originating, respectively, in the Ethiopian highlands and the Equatorial lakes, join in Khartoum to form the Nile River which flows toEgypt. The Nile has several tributaries and extensive swamps in the south. River Nile is the longest river in the world, of 6671 km long (from it’s remotest headstream in Burundi to the Mediterrnean Sea). It is shared by ten countries but about 60% of its length lies withinSudan.

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